Cards & Card Schemes Architecture Overview
Comprehensive principal engineering guide to global payment card schemes, open-loop (4-party) vs closed-loop (3-party) operating models, scheme switch topologies, and architectural trade-offs against real-time account-to-account rails.
Disputes, Chargeback Lifecycles & Least-Cost Routing (LCR)
Comprehensive principal engineering guide to card dispute management, 4-stage chargeback lifecycles, Visa Compelling Evidence 3.0 (CE3.0), Australian Dual-Network Debit Cards (DNDC), and Least-Cost Routing (LCR) mechanics.
